Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
| |||
|
| |||
| Artificial intelligence: is the ability to recognize artificial systems, patterns and redundancies, to complete incomplete sequences, to re-formulate and solve problems, and to estimate probabilities. This is not an automation of human behavior, since such an automation could be a mechanical imitation. Rather, artificial systems are only used by humans to make decisions, when these systems have already made autonomous decisions._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
| Author | Concept | Summary/Quotes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Stephen Wolfram on Artificial Intelligence - Dictionary of Arguments
Brockman I 268 Artificial intelligence/Wolfram: When we consider the future of AI, we need to think about the goals. That’s what humans contribute; that’s what our civilization contributes. The execution of those goals is what we can increasingly automate. >Purposes/Wolfram, >Neural networks/Wolfram. Brockman I 271 Expert systems/Wolfram: (…) there was a trend toward devices called expert systems, which arose in the late seventies and early eighties. The idea was to have a machine learn the rules that an expert uses and thereby figure out what to do. That petered out. After that, AI became little more than a crazy pursuit. My original belief had been that in order to make a serious computational knowledge system, you first had to build a brainlike device and then feed it knowledge—just as humans learn in standard education. Now I realized that there wasn’t a bright line between what is intelligent and what is simply computational. Wolfram Alpha: I had assumed that there was some magic mechanism that made us vastly more capable than anything that was just computational. But that assumption was wrong. What I discovered is that you can take a large collection of the world’s knowledge and automatically answer questions on the basis of it, using what are essentially merely computational techniques. Data mining/Wolfram: (…) what you normally do when you build a program is build it step-by-step. But you can also explore the computational universe and mine technology from that universe. Brockman I 272 There are all kinds of programs out there, even tiny programs that do complicated things. Computer language/Wolfram: You need a computer language that can represent sophisticated concepts in a way that can be progressively built up and isn’t possible in natural language. Traditional approach: creating a computer language is to make a language that represents operations that computers intrinsically know how to do: allocating memory, setting values of variables, iterating things, changing program counters, etc. Solution/WolframVsTradition: make a language that panders not to the computers but to the humans, to take whatever a human thinks of and convert it into some form that the computer can understand. Brockman I 275 Artificial intelligence/Wolfram. Basic components: physiological recognition, language translation, voice-to-text. These are essentially some of the links to how we make machines that are humanlike in what they do. >Computer language/Wolfram, >Formalization/Wolfram, >Turing Test/Wolfram, >Human machine communication/Wolfram. Brockman I 277 The AI will know what you intend, and it will be good at figuring out how to get there. More to the point is that there will be an AI that knows your history, and knows that when you’re ordering dinner online you’ll probably want such-and-such, or when you email this person, you should talk to them about such-and-such. More and more, the Als will suggest to us what we should do, and I suspect most of the time people will just go along with that. >Software/Wolfram. Brockman I 283 The problem of abstract AI is similar to the problem of recognizing extraterrestrial intelligence: How do you determine whether or not it has a purpose? We’ll say things like, «Weil, AI will be intelligent when it can do blah-blah-blah.” But there are many other ways to get to those results. Again, there is no bright line between intelligence and mere computation. Wolfram, Stephen (2015) „Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Civilization” (edited live interview), in: Brockman, John (ed.) 2019. Twenty-Five Ways of Looking at AI. New York: Penguin Press._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Wolfram, Stephen Brockman I John Brockman Possible Minds: Twenty-Five Ways of Looking at AI New York 2019 |
||
> Counter arguments against Wolfram
> Counter arguments in relation to Artificial Intelligence
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-27